Barra de Ações (App Bar)

A barra de ações é um componente importante, pois além de servir de identificação do app para o usuário, o componente pode oferecer funcionalidades adicionais, como o menu flutuante. Existem duas classes principais para implementar a barra de ações no Android:

ActionBar: Implementação nativa do Android, já integrada ao sistema, mas com menos opções de personalização.
Toolbar: Classe mais moderna e amplamente utilizada, que oferece maior flexibilidade para customização e integração com designs modernos.

A Toolbar é a escolha preferida na maioria dos projetos atuais devido à sua versatilidade e suporte a recursos avançados. Materiais para mais detalhes:

GOOGLE DEVELOPERS. Adicionar barra de apps. Disponível em: https://developer.android.com/training/appbar#lessons. Acessado em: 14 jul. 2025.
GOOGLE DEVELOPERS. Adicionar e processsar ações. Disponível em: https://developer.android.com/training/appbar/actions. Acessado em: 14 jul. 2025.
GOOGLE DEVELOPERS. Configurar a barra de apps. Disponível em: https://developer.android.com/training/appbar/setting-up. Acessado em: 14 jul. 2025.
STACKOVERFLOW. Qual a diferença de uma toolbar para uma action bar? 2017. Disponível em: https://pt.stackoverflow.com/questions/178775/qual-a-diferen%C3%A7a-de-uma-toolbar-para-uma-action-bar. Pergunta feita pela usuário Aline (https://pt.stackoverflow.com/users/36515/aline) e respondida pelo usuário (https://pt.stackoverflow.com/users/2541/ramaral). Acessado em: 14 jul. 2025.

Exemplos práticos

Inicialmente deve-se verificar no arquivo themes.xml se a seguinte tag: <style name="Base.Theme.ExemploMenu" parent="Theme.Material3.DayNight.NoActionBar"> está configurada como NOACTIONBAR, pois assim você poderá adicionar sua própria barra de ferramentas.

colors.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <!-- Cores para o Tema Claro  -->
    <color name="primary_light">#6200EE</color>
    <color name="secondary_light">#03DAC6</color>
    <color name="background_light">#FFFFFF</color>
    <!-- Cores para o Tema Escuro  -->
    <color name="primary_dark">#BB86FC</color>
    <color name="secondary_dark">#03DAC6</color>
    <color name="background_dark">#121212</color>
</resources>

themes.xml (tema claro)

<resources xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
    <!-- Base application theme. -->
    <style name="Base.Theme.ExemploMenu"
        parent="Theme.Material3.DayNight.NoActionBar">
        <!-- Customize your light theme here. -->
        <item name="colorPrimary">@color/primary_light</item>
        <item name="colorSecondary">@color/secondary_light</item>
        <item name="android:background">@color/background_light</item>
    </style>
    <style name="Theme.ExemploMenu"
        parent="Base.Theme.ExemploMenu" />
</resources>

themes.xml (tema escuro)

<resources xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
    <!-- Base application theme. -->
    <style name="Base.Theme.ExemploMenu"
        parent="Theme.Material3.DayNight.NoActionBar">
        <!-- Customize your dark theme here. -->
        <item name="colorPrimary">@color/primary_dark</item>
        <item name="colorSecondary">@color/secondary_dark</item>
        <item name="android:background">@color/background_dark</item>
    </style>
</resources>

strings.xml

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">ExemploMenu</string>
    <string name="java">JAVA</string>
    <string name="php">PHP</string>
    <string name="c">C</string>
    <string name="android">Android</string>
</resources>

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <include layout="@layout/meu_toolbar"/>
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.meu_toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        getSupportActionBar().setTitle("AppBar");
    }//onCreate
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_toolbar,menu);
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }//
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
        Intent it = null;
        if(R.id.java == item.getItemId()){
            it= new Intent(getApplicationContext(), JavaActivity.class);
            it.putExtra("dados","JAVA");
            startActivity(it);
            return true;
        }
        if(R.id.php == item.getItemId()){
            it= new Intent(getApplicationContext(), PhpActivity.class);
            it.putExtra("dados","PHP");
            startActivity(it);
            return true;
        }
        if(R.id.c == item.getItemId()){
            it= new Intent(getApplicationContext(), JavaActivity.class);
            it.putExtra("dados","C");
            startActivity(it);
            return true;
        }
        if(android.R.id.home == item.getItemId()){
            finish();
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }//onOptions
}//class

meu_toolbar.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/meu_toolbar"
    android:elevation="10dp"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"/>
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Large"
        android:text="@string/android"/>
</androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>

menu_toolbar.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    <item android:id="@+id/java"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:title="@string/java"/>
    <item android:id="@+id/php"
        android:title="@string/php"/>
    <item android:id="@+id/c"
        android:title="@string/c"/>
</menu>

JavaActivity.java

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class JavaActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView textViewJava;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_java);
        textViewJava = findViewById(R.id.textViewJava);
        String msg = getIntent().getStringExtra("dados");
        textViewJava.setText(msg);
    }//onCreate
}//class

activity_java.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".JavaActivity">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textViewJava"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/java"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

PhpActivity.java

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class PhpActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView textViewPhp;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_php);
        textViewPhp = findViewById(R.id.textViewPhp);
        String msg = getIntent().getStringExtra("dados");
        textViewPhp.setText(msg);
    }//onCreate
}

activity_php.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".PhpActivity">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textViewPhp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/php"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

CActivity.java

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class CActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView textViewC;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_c);
        textViewC = findViewById(R.id.textViewC);
        String msg = getIntent().getStringExtra("dados");
        textViewC.setText(msg);
    }//onCreate
}

activity_c.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".CActivity">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textViewC"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/c"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

OBS: Depois faça o teste com o emulador configurado com o tema escuro.